The picturesque region of Kashmir, known for its stunning landscapes and vibrant agricultural practices is currently facing a series of challenges due to unexpected weather patterns. The onset of early rains, accompanied by hailstorms and unseasonal snowfall, has disrupted the traditional farming calendar, impacting key crops like apples and paddy. This deviation from normal weather conditions has raised concerns among farmers and agricultural experts, highlighting the need for adaptive strategies and support systems to safeguard the livelihoods of those dependent on agriculture in the region. These early rains can have a significant impact on agriculture, particularly in regions like Kashmir where agriculture is a primary source of livelihood.
Climate change has been established to have an adverse impact on agriculture, leading to serious constraints on crop production and changes in cropping patterns. Rainfall variability, in particular, can influence crop yield and the cropping pattern. In the north-western Himalayas, a decreasing trend in rainfall over the last few decades has led to changes in crop yield and cropping patterns. The shortterm effects of unusual rainfall patterns include an increase in forest fires, agricultural drought, and a drop in crop production. The long-term consequences can be more severe, leading to a reduction in hydroelectricity generation, an increase in glacier melting, and adverse effects on the drinking water supply due to less recharge of groundwater. Kashmir has a history of floods that have had severe impacts on agriculture. For instance, a flood in 1983 devastated the rice plantation that was ready to be harvested, leading to food crises. The Government of Jammu & Kashmir has been working on detailed project reports for climate-resilient sustainable agriculture. These efforts aim to adapt to the changing climate and mitigate its impact on agriculture.
Impact on Apple Orchards. Apple cultivation is a cornerstone of agriculture in Kashmir, with the region being one of the largest producers of high-quality apples in India. However, the recent weather anomalies have taken a toll on apple orchards, affecting both the current season’s yield and potentially impacting future harvests. The cold weather and excessive rainfall in April have disrupted the crucial blossoming stage of apple trees, leading to concerns about reduced fruit set and overall crop quality. Additionally, hailstorms and heavy rains have caused damage to leaves, fruits, and trees, posing a significant threat to the livelihoods of apple farmers in the region.
Paddy Cultivation Challenges. Paddy cultivation, another vital component of agriculture in Kashmir, has also been adversely affected by the early rains and unseasonal weather patterns. The incessant rainfall and low temperatures have weakened paddy seedlings, necessitating the resowing of paddy fields and resulting in economic losses for farmers. The delayed growth of paddy nurseries has raised concerns about a potential decline in paddy production, which could have far-reaching implications for food security in the region. Farmers are facing the challenge of managing their crops in the face of unpredictable weather conditions, highlighting the need for innovative solutions and support mechanisms to mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture in Kashmir.
Horticulture Sector. Early bloom in crops, including those in the horticulture sector, may be at risk due to anticipated rains in March and April. The early bloom, combined with potential pest infestation due to rising temperatures, poses a dual threat to the agricultural landscape of Kashmir. Farmers and orchardists are advised to take immediate measures to mitigate the potential impact on their crops. The Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology’s (SKUAST-K) has issued advisories emphasizing adopting water-efficient farming practices and implementing protective measures to safeguard their crops and trees.
Weather Forecast and Recommendations. As farmers grapple with the aftermath of early rains and unseasonal weather, meteorological experts have provided insights into the prevailing weather conditions and future forecasts for the region. The current weather anomalies have been attributed to a western disturbance, with intermittent rains expected to continue till the end of May. Farmers are advised to exercise caution and suspend spraying of orchards from May 29 onwards, as more rains are forecasted till May 31, with a possibility of hailstorms and gusty winds. This detailed forecast serves as a valuable resource for farmers, enabling them to make informed decisions and take proactive measures to protect their crops and livelihoods.
Adaptive Strategies and Support Systems. In light of the challenges posed by early rains and unseasonal weather, it is imperative for farmers in Kashmir to adopt adaptive strategies and leverage support systems to mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture. Government agencies, agricultural extension services, and research institutions play a crucial role in providing timely information, technical guidance, and financial assistance to farmers facing weather-related challenges. Initiatives such as crop insurance, weather forecasting services, and training programs on climatesmart agriculture can empower farmers to build resilience and adapt to changing weather patterns.
The effects of early rains on agriculture in Kashmir underscore the vulnerability of farmers to climate change and the urgent need for sustainable solutions to safeguard agricultural livelihoods. By understanding the impact of weather anomalies on key crops like apples and paddy, stakeholders can work together to develop resilient farming practices, enhance adaptive capacity, and ensure food security in the region. Through collaborative efforts, innovative technologies, and community engagement, farmers in Kashmir can navigate the challenges posed by changing weather patterns and build a more sustainable future for agriculture in the region.
Written By: Capt Charanjot Singh Bhatia – 3 NAGA
